4. struct:: 命名空间 — 结构与元数据
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关于文件本身的 23 个函数:元数据、内部对象、安全性和可追溯性。
从
list_objects起的函数会读取文件的内部结构。该分析在首次使用时 只执行一次,之后被缓存。
4.1 元数据
| 函数 | 返回 |
|---|---|
struct::get_title() |
标题 |
struct::get_author() |
作者 |
struct::get_subject() |
主题 |
struct::get_keywords() |
关键词 |
struct::get_creator() |
创建原始文档的程序 |
struct::get_producer() |
生成 PDF 的程序 |
struct::get_creation_date() |
创建时间(YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) |
struct::get_modification_date() |
修改时间(同一格式) |
struct::list_metadata_entries() |
非空条目列表("键: 值") |
struct::extract_xmp() |
目录中的 XMP 元数据 |
字段缺失时返回空字符串。
check "Required metadata" {
assert struct::get_title() != "", "PDF has no title"
assert struct::get_author() != "", "PDF has no author"
// Producer 表明来源工具 — 便于追踪问题
print("produced by:", struct::get_producer())
created = struct::get_creation_date()
assert created != "", "PDF has no creation date"
// 格式可排序,因此字符串比较有效
assert created > "2026-01-01", "file is too old for this campaign"
xmp = struct::extract_xmp()
assert xmp.contains("pdfaid"), "no PDF/A identification in the XMP"
}
4.2 文件与可追溯性
| 函数 | 功能 |
|---|---|
struct::file_size() |
大小(字节) |
struct::calculate_sha256() |
文件的 SHA-256 哈希 |
struct::detect_file_bloat([kb_per_page]) |
超过每页上限(默认 1024 KB)则为真 |
check "File size and traceability" {
mb = struct::file_size() / 1024 / 1024
assert mb < 10, "file is #{round(mb)} MB (10 MB e-mail limit)"
// 哈希可以证明究竟是哪一个文件被批准
print("SHA-256:", struct::calculate_sha256())
assert !struct::detect_file_bloat(1024),
"heavy file: #{struct::file_size() / 1024} KB for #{doc.page_count} pages"
}
4.3 内部对象
| 函数 | 功能 |
|---|---|
struct::count_objects() |
页面中的内容对象数量 |
struct::list_objects() |
全部对象列表("编号: 类型") |
struct::detect_unreferenced_objects() |
从 trailer 无法到达的对象 |
struct::detect_orphaned_resources() |
无法到达的资源(字体、图像) |
struct::measure_object_size(number) |
指定对象的大致大小(字节) |
基础设施对象(
ObjStm、XRef)被排除在外:按定义它们本就不被 trailer 引用,报告它们属于误报。
check "File hygiene" {
require struct::count_objects() > 0
loose = struct::detect_unreferenced_objects()
assert loose.length == 0,
"#{loose.length} unreferenced object(s): #{loose.join(", ")}"
orphans = struct::detect_orphaned_resources()
assert orphans.length == 0,
"unused embedded resources: #{orphans.join(", ")} — run 'pdfl fix' with remove_unused_resources()"
}
4.4 安全
| 函数 | 功能 |
|---|---|
struct::detect_javascript() |
含有嵌入的 JavaScript 则为真 |
struct::detect_suspicious_actions() |
危险动作列表 |
struct::check_encryption() |
文档被加密则为真 |
struct::validate_permissions() |
没有权限限制则为真 |
struct::validate_signatures() |
存在数字签名字段则为真 |
detect_suspicious_actions 会检出 JavaScript、Launch(运行程序)、URI、
SubmitForm、ImportData、GoToR。
validate_signatures检查字段的存在。本版本不做证书链的密码学验证。
check "Security" {
// PDF 中的 JavaScript 是常见的攻击途径,
// 对印刷用文档也毫无必要
assert !struct::detect_javascript(), "PDF contains embedded JavaScript"
actions = struct::detect_suspicious_actions()
assert actions.length == 0,
"suspicious actions in the PDF: #{actions.join("; ")}"
// 加密的 PDF 可能在印刷厂的 RIP 上失败
assert !struct::check_encryption(),
"PDF is encrypted — remove protection before sending it to print"
assert struct::validate_permissions(),
"PDF has permission restrictions that may block processing"
}
4.5 完整示例
// audit.pdfl — 合规与安全检查
profile "file-audit" {
check "Identification" tags: ["metadata"] {
assert struct::get_title() != "", "no title"
assert struct::get_author() != "", "no author"
assert struct::get_creation_date() != "", "no creation date"
print("produced by:", struct::get_producer())
}
check "Traceability" tags: ["audit"] {
print("SHA-256:", struct::calculate_sha256())
print("size:", struct::file_size() / 1024, "KB")
}
check "Security" tags: ["security"] {
assert !struct::detect_javascript(), "embedded JavaScript"
assert !struct::check_encryption(), "encrypted file"
actions = struct::detect_suspicious_actions()
assert actions.length == 0, "suspicious actions: #{actions.join("; ")}"
}
check "File hygiene" tags: ["optimization"] {
orphans = struct::detect_orphaned_resources()
assert orphans.length == 0, "unused resources: #{orphans.join(", ")}"
assert !struct::detect_file_bloat(1024), "bloated file"
}
}
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